All India Survey of Higher Education has been launched in India in 2021-10. A survey was initially formed constitution members from HRD ministry, University Grants Commission, all Indian Institutes of Technology, Ministry of Human Resource and Social Security, all State Governments, Ministry of Planning, Central Statistics Office, All India Council for Development Research and Training and Central Board of Excise and Customs. A mission was also sent by the Indian government to various universities and colleges to gather information on the working procedures, scope of financial assistance, student-teacher ratio and faculty-student ratios. The results were then collated and the report was submitted to the prime minister, ministries, universities and colleges for review.
This survey provided a lot of inputs from various sectors such as students, faculty members, staffs, employers, regulatory bodies, researchers and others. The prime aim was to collect and analyze the various challenges and aspects that are faced at the time of functioning of higher education institutions in India. The focus areas were analyzed in the context of the study of administrative and other management issues, policies, reforms to enhance quality and standards of higher education in India. This research has resulted into various suggestions for improving the functioning of higher education in India. Some of these suggestions have already been incorporated in some of the universities and colleges in India.
One of the most important issues which came out in the review was the lack of effective implementation of policies and reforms related to higher education in India. The lack of implementation of policies and reforms resulted in a situation where there is lack of coordination between faculty members, students, authorities, researchers and others involved in the higher education sector in India. There was no proper implementation of policies and reforms. Some universities and colleges were found to be operating without an operating policy, without a regulatory body and with little or no involvement of stakeholders. For instance, the accreditation body for VSM was found to be inactive in spite of the accreditation being valid till date.
All India Survey On Higher Education
Another aspect covered in the All India Survey On Higher Education was the attitudes of the researchers and the managers towards academic excellence, research work and other aspects of higher education. The majority of the managers and researchers described their job as 'social work'. Most of them described their attitude as one of social responsibility. They felt that they should have concern for the fate of the people at a global level. Most of them also described themselves as techno-minded.
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Most of the universities in India faced some problems in terms of maintaining academic integrity, quality and control. The all india survey on higher education also highlighted the need for increased transparency in terms of peer review procedures. It was noted that compared to other fields, higher education has more dependence on case-to-case research, supervision by external review agencies and student assessment. There was a notable absence of a case-by-case approach in most of the fields described in the All India Survey on Higher Education. This calls for a more institutionalized form of supervision and self-criticism in higher education.
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A concern of the All India Survey on Higher Education was the low employment rate among foreign students. In spite of having excellent facilities and having good transport facilities, there was a low employment rate among foreign students. The reason for this is that the majority of the teaching staff is from developed countries and the majority of them earns less than the stipulated salary. As a result, the employers in India do not have the financial capacity to pay exorbitant salaries to deserving foreign professionals. This has resulted in a situation where the quality of teaching also suffers.
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The All India Survey on Higher Education also did not find sufficient appreciation for the Indian institutes in computer science, engineering, pharmaceutical and other areas. Only 6% of the persons surveyed thought that the teaching methodology of Indian colleges was efficient. Even computer science was not well understood by Indian students. The report does not attribute a reason for this lack of appreciation, but it is suggested that more efforts should be made by the government to inculcate better techniques in the teaching of higher education.
Recommendations regarding the higher education sector received the maximum attention during the last session of the General Election held last year. The results were overwhelming with the ruling National Democratic Congress (NDC) winning a majority of seats in the lower house of the parliament. The main cause behind this resounding success can be traced to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's emphasis on development of the country through higher education. It is also believed that the government has realized that it has to provide better infrastructure for higher education so that the country's population gains knowledge and develops industrial capabilities. Government should continue its renewed efforts to promote better education system and adopt better policies to develop the country's economy.
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